What Food Can Cause Appendicitis? Top Triggers to Watch Out for

Appendicitis is characterized by an acute onset of abdominal pain caused by the inflammation of your appendix. Although not a direct cause of appendicitis, it is thought that certain foods may play a part in the onset of symptoms, with factors related to our diet and digestion potentially contributing to an increased probability of developing the condition. In this article, we'll discuss which food types play a part in appendicitis and why.

What is appendicitis?

Your appendix is a small, tube-shaped organ attached to your large intestine. Historically, the function of the appendix has been the topic of much debate, with many believing it was merely a rudimentary organ left from a time when human ancestors had a diet that required a more extensive digestion process. However, in recent years, few studies have indicated that the appendix may have some protective properties in supporting the body's response, which may be essential for immune system function.

It is made up of a high concentration of lymphoid tissue (organized structures that can support immune responses), suggesting it plays a role in the body's protection. Some researchers believe the appendix plays a role in storing the body's gut microbiota and potentially repopulating it following gastrointestinal infection. Inflammation of the appendix is known as appendicitis. The most common cause of appendicitis is the blockage of the appendix. This can be due to:

• Gastrointestinal infection
• Gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease
• Enlarged lymphoid follicles (small, round clusters of immune cells that have become bigger than normal)
• Foreign bodies, e.g., parasites
• Tumors
• Genetic factors or family history
• Abdominal trauma or injury
• Low fiber intake, which leads to constipation

Symptoms of appendicitis

The most common symptom of an inflamed appendix is severe abdominal pain. Appendix pain is sharp in nature, typically generalized to the right side of the lower abdomen, gradually increasing in severity over time. Other common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fever, and loss of appetite. It is important to note that not all people present with the classic symptoms of appendicitis, which can lead to more serious complications. If you are experiencing severe pain, several appendicitis symptoms, or any other symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.

What food can cause appendicitis?

Rather than being a direct cause of the condition, there are a number of food types that have been linked to an increased risk of developing appendicitis.

Processed meats and fried foods

Processed fatty meats, fatty foods, and fried foods are often high in sodium, saturated fat, and preservatives, which may potentially trigger acute appendicitis via proposed inflammatory processes within the body. One cohort study concluded that dietary intake high in animal protein seemed to increase the risk of developing acute appendicitis and other health problems.

High-fat and high-cholesterol foods

Although the study above pointed to a link between intake of saturated fats and appendicitis, there isn't any sufficient scientific proof that eating fat-containing meals or high-cholesterol foods may directly cause appendicitis. It is more likely that a diet high in fatty foods may be closely associated with a diet low in fruits, vegetables, and fiber, which, according to a study that analyzed 202 pediatric patients who had undergone an appendectomy, is closely linked to the condition. They suggest that a high rate of constipation in patients with lower fiber intake is consistent with the hypothesis indicating the role of dietary fibers in lowering the incidence of appendicitis.

Refined carbohydrates and sugary snacks

A prospective cohort study found that the presence of refined carbohydrate-enriched foods such as white bread and biscuit cereal raised the respective odds of acute appendicitis by 8% and 11%. Some older studies discuss a potential link between sugar intake and appendicitis. Some studies have shown that frequent consumption of sugary snacks and confectionary was linked to increased odds of self-reported constipation.

However, this may be more indicative of the effects on the digestive system, and this study was context-specific, being young Japanese women. Foods such as seeds, nuts, and popcorn kernels are difficult to digest and have been thought to contribute to the formation of an obstruction in the appendix, leading to appendicitis. One study concludes that the ratio of acute appendicitis caused by plants is minimal, but the avoidance of eating undigested fruit seeds may contribute to help in preventing appendicitis.

Dairy products and other high-lactose foods

The regular and high consumption of processed dairy products and other high-lactose foods could potentially contribute to appendicitis risk; however, more research is needed to establish a definitive connection. There could be an association between some people who are lactose-intolerant or have dairy allergies and an increased risk of gastrointestinal inflammation, which may potentially contribute to the risk of appendicitis development, but this is only a theoretical perspective.

Spicy and acidic foods

There is no direct relation between spicy food and appendicitis — no studies have outlined this as a definitive cause. Spicy meals could, however, cause some indigestion and irritation in the digestive tract in some people, which could potentially lead to an increased risk of gastrointestinal inflammation impacting the appendix. Spicy food was linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in one Korean study, whilst another study identified a link between GERD and appendicitis.

Low fiber diet

There is a wide body of evidence to support that a variation in the amount of fiber diet is a predictor of acute appendicitis.

In one research study published in the International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, no statistical difference was found for energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake and the etiology of acute appendicitis. There was, however, evidence to suggest that fiber intake may be directly linked to condition onset in children.

One study published in the Journal of International Surgery and Clinical Medicine found that a lack of fiber and water consumption in children may increase their risk of appendicitis. This is due to the increased risk of constipation and the development of fecaliths, or hardened feces, which can cause a blockage in the appendix, directly resulting in inflammation. This conclusion has been made across many demographic areas and cultural contexts and makes up one of the most studied areas linking fiber intake to appendicitis.

However, whilst there are some studies in children, the evidence that a low-fiber diet is linked to appendicitis risk in adults is even more limited. High-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to definitively prove any causal link between appendicitis and specific diets and food groups.

Diagnosing and treating appendicitis

In order to diagnose appendicitis, a thorough discussion of the onset of symptoms, individual health history, and a physical exam in which your healthcare provider will assess for signs of tenderness in the lower right abdomen is needed. This is typically followed by blood tests to check for infection markers and imaging tests such as an abdominal ultrasound or a CT scan to confirm diagnosis.

To avoid serious complications of the condition, such as a burst appendix, it is important to get appendicitis diagnosed quickly to facilitate prompt intervention and appropriate management. If your doctor suspects appendicitis, management of the condition will generally include the administration of fluids, pain relief, IV antibiotics, and surgery. Urine tests may be taken to eliminate urinary tract infections.

There have been some advancements in utilizing antibiotics for the treatment of appendicitis. A prospective cohort study at 97 sites in the U.K. and the Republic of Ireland included adult patients with a diagnosis of uncomplicated acute appendicitis who either had surgery or non-operative management. A total of 3,420 patients were recorded, and at 90-day follow-up, antibiotics were successful in 80% of cases, with fewer overall complications and a reduced length of stay.

That being said, the most common treatment for appendicitis is surgery in which the appendix is removed — this is called an ‘appendectomy.’ Appendectomy is a relatively safe procedure, and the global mortality rate from appendicitis is extremely low. Laparoscopic surgery is the most minimally invasive option, associated with less postoperative pain and a shorter hospital stay. However, in some cases, open appendectomy is indicated, especially in the context of additional complications or a medical emergency, in which a larger incision is made in the lower right abdomen.

In terms of appendicitis, there should be no self-treatment or self-diagnosis — only a qualified medical professional can assess an individual's health condition and potential appendicitis and prescribe appropriate treatment. In case of appendicitis-like symptoms, consult a healthcare provider as soon as possible.

Prevention of appendicitis

A diet high in fat, sodium, and preservatives may contribute to an increased risk of inflammation. This, combined with a lack of fiber, may lead to digestive issues such as constipation and the formation of blockages, potentially increasing your overall risk of acute appendicitis.

Therefore, appendicitis prevention includes:

• Eating a diet high in fiber
• Staying hydrated
• Avoiding fatty and greasy foods
• Incorporating fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains into your diet

One observational study on lifestyle and environmental factors in patients with appendicitis found that vegetable intake was associated with reduced risk. Although a balanced diet can support overall gastrointestinal health and potentially reduce the risk of appendicitis, it cannot eliminate the risk of appendicitis altogether.

Final word

Rather than cause appendicitis, certain dietary patterns (high-fat, refined carb, and low-fiber diets) and foods may potentially increase risk factors for inflammation and digestive blockages that may contribute to appendicitis. In order to support the prevention of appendicitis and promote your gut health, incorporate fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, adequate water intake, lean proteins, and whole grains into your diet. Always talk to your healthcare provider when discussing your risk of developing certain gastrointestinal conditions to ensure appropriate risk management is provided to prevent appendicitis.